Turkey

A Country of Hyper-Ancient Civilization, Many Cultures and Beautiful Nature

Being a transcontinental nation on the European political and geographic borders of Asia, Turkey represents an extremely unique combination of historical and cultural heritage and natural environment. Ruins of ancient Greece, Ottoman palaces, gorgeous coastline and impressive mountains, are just the few of all the contrasts Turkey offers. It is a connecting point between East and West: a rather distinct location that is able to interest those who want to combine culture, old historical places and the contemporary comfort.

In this detailed guide, we are going to trace the geography, history, culture, economy, and attractions you should see in Turkey, and it will tell you everything you need to learn about this amazing county.

For an in-depth travel guide, visit the Official tourism guide for Turkey

Geographical Location

Turkey is the kind of a country that is located between the two continents, Europe and Asia. It borders Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest, Georgia to the northeast, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran to the east as well as Iraq and Syria to the south. The nation is bordered by three seas namely the Aegean Sea on the west, the Mediterranean Sea on the south, and the Black Sea on the north.

Turkey has a population of 783,356 square kilometers to be placed at rank 37th among world countries. It has both coastal and agricultural lands, gentle hills, and the huge Anatolian Plateau that is enclosed in rocky mountains.

Features and Natural Landforms

The country of Turkey is blessed with a varied landscaping featuring rugged mountains and high plateaus, lush forests and coastal beaches. The geography of the country is completely covered with the existences of the Taurus Mountains in the south, the Pontic Mountains in the north and the Anatolian Plateau in the center. Cappadocia is known for its fairy chimneys and unique rock formations.

The Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean have their own beautiful coasts in Turkey which have sandy beaches, beautiful coves and harbours, having historical significance as well. This combined with the rich historical locations and ancient ruins of the county make it a magnet that continues to attract various tourists all around the year.

Old civilizations and the emergence of Turkey

The country of Turkey is the one which could host a number of ancient civilizations, such as Hittites, Lydians, Phrygians and Greeks. Early civilizations formed a very important center in Anatolia, and its cities e.g. Troy of Ephesus and Miletus had significant roles in shaping the ancient world.

Troy is yet another of the most compelling ancient sites in Turkey and it was popularized by the epic poem, Iliad written by Homer. Ephesus, another amazing site, is an ancient Greek city that had the magnificent Temple of Artemis, considered one of the seven wonders of the Ancient World.

Later the ancient city of Byzantium (today Istanbul) became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, and served as a bridge of importance in the diffusion of Christianity and European culture.

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The Ottoman Empire Rise

With the creation of the Ottoman Empire in the late 13 th century through the efforts of Osman I, one of the greatest and most influential empires in history would be created. By the 16th century, with monarchs like Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was extending its Rule over parts of Europe, Asia and Africa.

Ottomans made a great number of contributions in the sphere of culture, sciences, architecture, and since then they built magnificent mosques, palaces, and bridges. Some of the most beautiful models of Ottoman architecture include the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul that is naturally one of the most recognizable spots and is presently a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The Republic of Turkey and modern Turkey

The Turkey country has experienced a number of political and social changes that took place after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20 th century. The second one is the Turkish War of Independence which took place between 1919 and 1923 and gave rise to the Republic of Turkey in 1923 under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atat urnik. AtatRrk sought to carry out wholesome changes in modernising the nation such as the introduction of a new alphabet, secularisation of the state as well as attempts to industrialise and westernise the state to modernise it.

After that, Turkey greatly changed in political, economical and cultural aspects, as the nation that can be characterized as a country of agriculture transformed into a fast growing state, with its urban life full of life. Yet the nation has had its share of political unsteadiness and identity strains as it strikes the balance between a wealth in cultural background and revamp changes.

Ethnic Diversity and Religious Diversity

In Turkey there is extreme ethnic and cultural diversity. Most of its people are Turkish, though large groups of Kurds, Arabs and Circassians are also present. The official language is Turkish and the main religion is Islam, most people practice Sunni Islam in the country though we find Alevi and Shia Muslims in the state.

Turkey is closely attached to the culture of being Islamic but the country also ascribes to secularism, a principle that was embraced by Ataturlk. Religious structure of the country is also diverse; there are numerous mosques, churches, and synagogues in the country, and such cities as Istanbul are home to some of the most significant religious attraction sites around the globe, such as Blue Mosque, Hagia Sophia, and the Church of St. Anthony of Padua.

Culture Practices and Traditions

The culmination of Turkish, Persian, Arab and European influences has given the culture of Turkey a vivacious culture of arts, abundant writing and musical history and distinct food traditions. Turkish tea is part of the culture and it is most commonly consumed when socialising with friends and family members. Another component of Turkish Culture that is ranked by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage is the Turkish coffee which is taken in small cups.

Turkish food is very differentiated and has plenty of choices like kebabs, mezes and baklava as well as pide (Turkish pizza). The food is influenced by the multicultural traditions of the country and has characteristics of the Mediterranean, the Middle East and Central Asia.

Turkish baths (hammams) should not be confused with modern Nurture and are a traditional cultural experience unique to Turkey that comes with a historical charm with early origins of the Romans and the Ottomans.

Festivals and Holidays

The country of Turkey has a variety of culture and religious festivals. Most of the Muslims celebrate Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr, which entails massive demonstrations by people and feasts, including prayers. Another important religious holiday is Kurban Bayram (Eid al-Adha). Republic Day (October 29) is another official holiday in Turkey that is marked by ceremonies and events to remember the appearance of the Republic of Turkey.

The culture in Turkey is based on the mountain music, old folk songs, classical music like the Ottoman music, and the current pop music in Turkey. Whirling dervishes are the representatives of the Mevlevi Sufi order, who are known all over the world by their unusual dance that is regarded as a symbol of Turkish culture.

Manufactures and Cottage Industry

Turkey has a mixed economy and has well developed industries of textile, electronics, machinery and automobiles. It is a major producer of textile in the world and its automotive and the construction industries are an important contributor to the economy of the country. The exports of the country also include furniture, home appliances and consumer electronics.

Tourism is an important economic booster in Turkey and millions of tourists visit the country to witness its historical attractions, sandy beaches, resorts among other tourist destinations annually. Turkish cities such as Istanbul, Cappadocia, and Turquoise Coast are great vacation spots.

Agriculture and Natural Resources

Agriculture is the major sector of the economy of Turkey- the country is a leading producer of fruits (particularly citrus fruits and apples), vegetables, cotton and tobacco. The areas around Aegean and Mediterranean are especially significant to the production of olive, grapes, and wheat. Another leading exporter of hazelnuts is Turkey.

The country also retains large quantities of coal, copper and chromium although the mining industry is generally small in relation to other industries.

Social and Cultural Sites

Istanbul – the cultural and economic center of Turkey as well as the location of such unique objects of Istanbul as Hagia Sophia, Blue Mosque, and Topkapi Palace.

Cappadocia- The fairy chimneys and the rocky land are particularly well-known in Cappadocia, as can be seen through the means of taking a hot air balloon ride over these beautiful surroundings.

Pamukkale-It is known due to its natural hot spring pools that are termed as white terraces-like structures located on the hillside.

Ephesus – Greek city where the Temple of Artemis which is considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World is ruined.

Natural Attractions

Antalya – The city located along the coast of the Mediterranean and famous with beautiful beaches, ancient ruins and close Duden Waterfalls.

Mount Ararat – This is the tallest mountain in Turkey with tough ascents and magnificent scenery of the surrounding areas.

Bodrum – A very attractive sea-side city with beaches, nightlife and historical sites of the ancient old Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.

Healthcare System

Turkey has invested heavily on healthcare infrastructure and medical technology. The system of public healthcare is vast and available to every citizen, as there are also alternative ways of healthcare and the sphere of a private Labour force. Turkey is a source of medical tourism, especially in such fields as cosmetic surgery, dentistry, and fertility procedures.

Education System

Turkey is well endowed with a strong education system whereby primary, secondary level, and higher education are valued. Some of the highest ranked universities in the country are Istanbul University, Bozniçi University, and Ko? University. Schooling is mandatory until 18 years.

Ideal Seasons

To have the best experience in visiting Turkey you are best advised to visit during spring (April to June) and autumn (September to November) weather conditions during this period is very favorable as it allows the tourist to visit monuments and do outdoor activities. It may be warm in summer especially in the southern coastal regions and there is the chance of skiing during the winter months in places such as Uluda (and Erciyes).

conclusion:

Turkey is an impressive nation with its own balance of ancient history, contemporary culture, and nature. Be it sightseeing in the great Mosques of Istanbul, trekking through the alienated territories of Cappadocia or lazing along the Mediterranean, Turkey has got a lot to offer to every tourist. It is a cultural destination with beautiful sceneries and metropolis that any individual must visit.

Frequently asked questions

When is the best time to go to Turkey?

Turkey in the spring (April to June) or autumn (September to November) is the most comfortable time to visit this country because of the weather that allows sightseeing and other outdoor activities.

Which are the best attractions in Turkey?

The places of interest are Istanbul, Cappadocia, Pamukkale and Ephesus.

Which are the languages spoken in Turkey?

Their official language is Turkish, but a lot of people use English, particularly in the city and touristic regions.

Does Turkey offer safe tourist destinations?

Yes, Turkey can be described as mostly safe to visitors as long as you do a bit of checking and take due precaution in some places.

Which are the cultural festivals in Turkey?

Interact with Ramadan, Republic Day, and Istanbul Film Festival during the days to acquire a more cultural experience in Turkey.